What is Carbon Monoxide?

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colourless, odourless, tasteless gas produced when carbon-based fuels, including wood, coal, oil and gas, are burned without enough oxygen. Because it gives no warning signs, it is sometimes called the silent killer. It is dangerous even in small concentrations and can be fatal quickly.

The Symptoms

The symptoms of CO poisoning are easily mistaken for flu, food poisoning or simply feeling run down. Common signs include headaches, dizziness, nausea, shortness of breath, fatigue and confusion. If multiple people in the same building feel unwell at the same time, or if symptoms improve when you leave the property, CO poisoning should be considered immediately. If you suspect CO exposure, get outside into fresh air, call 999, and do not re-enter the building.

Risk Factors with Wood Burning Stoves

Wood burning and multi-fuel stoves are safe when correctly installed, properly maintained and used as intended. However, the risk of CO exposure increases significantly in the following circumstances:

• The stove has not been professionally installed by a HETAS-registered or otherwise competent installer
• The chimney or flue is blocked, damaged, or has not been swept recently
• The flue draught is insufficient, causing combustion gases to spill back into the room
• The room has been sealed too tightly, restricting the air supply the stove needs to burn correctly
• The stove door seal is worn or damaged, allowing smoke and gases to escape
• The stove is used with wet or unseasoned wood, which burns poorly and produces more combustion byproducts
• No carbon monoxide detector is installed in the room

CO Detectors: A Legal Requirement

Since October 2010 it has been a requirement under UK Building Regulations to fit a carbon monoxide detector whenever a solid fuel appliance such as a wood burning stove is installed. A CO detector should be positioned in the same room as the stove and tested regularly in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. We strongly recommend fitting a detector with an audible alarm.

Annual Servicing

The single most effective way to reduce the risk of CO from a stove is to have the chimney swept and the stove serviced at least once a year, without exception. A blocked or partially obstructed flue is one of the most common causes of CO incidents. Do not skip annual servicing. Regular maintenance keeps your stove operating safely and efficiently and is a condition of the Hi-Flame Warranty.